Mark Twain is one of the most enduring authors and satirists in history. He is known for his genius wit and wit and for his sharply critical view of the American Civil War. He is also often recognized for his works in popular culture today, from television to books. But, people might be surprised to know that Mark Twain has been dead for over a century.
Twain was born as Samuel Langhore Clemmons in 1835 in Florida, Missouri. He was born into a family of five siblings; two older brothers, two younger sisters and a younger brother. Twain started his career as an apprentice printer in 1853, working with the Hannibal Courier newspaper. In 1858, he began publishing articles under the pen name, ‘Mark Twain’.
From then on, Twain had a successful literary career, with his works igniting laughter and thoughtfulness among audiences. After receiving several awards and honours, including the Knighthood of Honorary Pilot, Twain took a trip to London in 1895.
It was during this trip that Twain suffered a heart attack, which left him severely sick for the remainder of his life. He declared himself bankrupt in 1896, and continued to write and publish until his death.
Twain passed away on April 21st, 1910, in Redding, Connecticut, at the age of seventy-four. His passing was met with sadness and sorrow by his family, friends and colleagues. Since then, a handful of Twain’s writings have been published posthumously.
Since his death, many of Twain’s works have continued to transcend time and still inspire readers today. His works have been adapted into films, television programs, and stage plays, and his writings are still referenced in popular culture. Such longevity can only be attributed to Twain’s mastery of the written language, his vivid imagination, and his unique perspective on life.
Popular culture references to Twain
Some of the popular references to Twain in modern culture include recurring quotes and motifs. For instance, the phrase ‘straighter than a thunderbolt’ from Twain’s novel ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ has been referenced in popular films and TV programmes, such as ‘Kill Bill’ and ‘The X-Files’.
Another popular reference to Twain is Tom Sawyer Island, a scenic part of the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World. The island remains popular today, and serves as a reminder of Twain’s beloved novel.
Moreover, quotes from Twain’s writings have been used by activists, politicians, and advocates throughout the years. A handful of quotes from different works, such as ‘The War Prayer’, ‘What is Man?’ and ‘Aesop’s Fables’, have been adopted and used to advocate justice, to speak out against oppressive regimes and to protest selective war.
The most impressive aspect of these modern references to Twain is the fact that his works continue to be relevant and relatable to this day.
Twain’s Legacy
The lasting legacy of Twain is far and wide. He has been credited for creating modern American literature, for inspiring other writers and for redefining the use of satire in literature.
Moreover, the Mark Twain House and Museum stands in Hartford, Connecticut, to pay tribute to Twain’s life and works. The museum offers insights into Twain’s life and collects artifacts, photographs, books and manuscripts related to his works and life.
Finally, some of the world’s most prestigious literary bodies honour Twain annually in varying ways. The American Library Association, for example, sponsors and awards the Mark Twain Prize for Humour and the Mark Twain Prize for Literary Criticism, both of which are highly sought after and prestigious awards in the literary world.
Twain’s views on death
Interestingly, Twain had a distinct view of death. He had no qualms about speaking and writing about death, and penned a number of essays on the subject. In ‘Letter to the Earth’, Twain wrote about his unflinching view towards death and the misfortunes of life. He stated ‘Death is the only immortal who treats us all alike, whose pity and whose peace, and whose refuge are for all – the soiled and the pure, the rich and the poor, the loved and the unloved.’
Other writings, such as ‘Letters from the Earth’, portray Twain’s fatalistic views of life. The essay paints a vivid description of what is perceived as life after death, and implies the futility of life and its events. In ‘The Mysterious Stranger’, Twain reflects on what forces in life bring happiness and joy, while in ‘What is Man?’, he probes existential questions about life.
The essays inspired by Twain’s views on death, however, point to his fatalistic view of life; one in which death brings hope for eternity for a better life. Despite this somewhat depressing outlook on death, Twain continues to be remembered for his sharp wit and critical view of life.
Conclusion
Twain’s prolific and wide-reaching literary works have made an indelible mark on the literary world and beyond. Some 140 years after his death, Twain’s works continue to evoke humour, sadness, and vibrancy through vivid descriptions and lively dialogue. His works are perceived as timeless tributes to life and are continuously referenced in popular culture today. Twain is undoubtedly a much-encouraged and celebrated author, who is sadly no longer alive.
